Understanding Autism: Exploring Neurodiversity & Autistic Experiences

What is autism?

Autism is a natural neurodevelopmental difference that impacts how an individual experiences, processes, and interacts with the world. It is part of the broader spectrum of human diversity and is not something to be “fixed” or “cured.” Research indicates that autism has a strong genetic basis, with around 80% of the likelihood of being autistic attributed to genetic factors (Sandin et al., 2019).

What does neurodiversity mean?

Neurodiversity highlights that differences in how people think, learn, and experience the world such as autism, ADHD, and dyslexia. They are natural variations of the human brain. Neurodiversity encourages acceptance, respect, and inclusion of all kinds of minds. Understanding autism through a neuro-affirming lens means listening to Autistic voices, challenging stereotypes, and supporting people in ways that honour their strengths, needs, and lived experiences. When we shift away from trying to change Autistic people to fit the world, and instead change the world to include Autistic people, we create more space for authenticity, wellbeing, and connection.

Is every Autistic person the same?

No. Autism is a spectrum, which means it presents differently in each individual. While there are some shared traits, every Autistic person has their own preferences, support needs, and ways of engaging with the world. Some may enjoy social interaction but require downtime afterward, while others may prefer solitude. Some thrive with structure; others with flexibility. Individualised understanding and support are incredibly important.

Can you tell if someone is Autistic just by looking at them?

No, autism is not always visible. Many Autistic individuals, especially those identified later in life, have learned to mask their natural responses as a way to fit in socially. Masking can be mentally and emotionally exhausting and often contributes to stress and mental health challenges. Unmasking is the process of reconnecting with one’s authentic self and letting go of the pressure to appear neurotypical.

How do Autistic people experience sensory input?

Many Autistic individuals experience the world with heightened or reduced sensitivity to sounds, lights, textures, smells, or movement. These differences can lead to sensory overload or, sensory-seeking behaviours. Understanding a person’s sensory profile and accommodating their needs can significantly improve comfort and wellbeing.

What's communication like as an Autistic person?

Many Autistic individuals value directness, clarity, and meaningful conversation over small talk. Eye contact, facial expressions, and body language may be used or interpreted differently. Misunderstandings often occur between Autistic and neurotypical people, not because Autistic individuals lack social skills, but because neurotypical and Autistic people experience and interpret the world differently. Respectful, mutual understanding fosters strong and meaningful connections.

What are some common thinking styles or traits?

Autistic individuals often demonstrate focused, detailed, and creative thinking. Many have deep interests that bring joy, stability, and purpose. This can lead to specialised knowledge or expertise. Routine and predictability help provide a sense of safety. Changes may be more difficult to manage, especially when unexpected. Stimming with repetitive movements or sounds is a common form of self-regulation and expression, serving important emotional or sensory functions. Autistic individuals may also hold a strong sense of justice, fairness, and integrity.

How do Autistic people experience emotion?

Emotions may be experienced with significant depth and intensity. Some Autistic individuals may find it difficult to identify or express emotions in the moment. Empathy is present, though it may look different from neurotypical expressions. Many Autistic individuals show strong emotional connections to people, values, objects, or causes that are meaningful to them.